Disease control is necessary for any crop to protect yields. A multidisciplinary approach is often recommended. Commonly recommended disease management strategies in corn production include hybrid selection, rotation, residue management, and fungicide application.
Since rotation is not done in maize fields, the possibility of yield loss due to the increase of this disease is great. This is because most of the common corn diseases in Iowa are caused by pathogens that live on infected corn residue. Transplantation of pathogen-free crops allows time for infected crop residues to decompose, which removes pathogens from the food source and exposes them to persistent pathogens on the ground.
Therefore, rotation helps to naturally eliminate many pathogens from the soil, reduce inoculum levels, and reduce the risk of disease development. Surface residues also change the soil environment (cooler soil temperature, higher soil moisture), which can affect the development of diseases.
Can we reduce the risks of corn diseases after corn? Yes, but it will require more thought, care, and attention than we are used to. Entering the field to investigate epidemics will be necessary if decisions are to be made on an economically efficient system.
Choice of ingredient
Careful selection of hybrids may be the most important factor in disease control in post-maize. Knowledge of diseases that have occurred in the previous crop will enable informed decisions to be made. Choose hybrids with high yield potential, good resistance to leaf and stem diseases, and good germination and seedling vigour.
Managing waste
Cultivating soil or removing residues above the tillage line may be worth considering in high-risk disease situations. Also, the history of diseases in each field will help this decision. In cases where disease density in the previous crop was high, tillage should reduce disease risk by burying and removing residues from the crop.
Planting day
In cooler soils, germination, seedling emergence, and seedling development are delayed, extending when germinating seedlings are vulnerable to infection by plant pathogens and insects. Delaying planting until soil temperatures are above 55 °F will reduce the risk of stunting due to seedling death. Consider planting corn-on-corn fields after planting corn-on-soybean fields.
Below is a list of various diseases:
Fungicides
Seed treatment fungicides are an important part of corn's integrated disease management strategy. New effective materials continue to be developed and adopted by the seed industry. Currently, there are other options for purchasing seeds with an insecticide treatment and a fungicidal seed treatment; these can contribute to the control of seedling diseases by protecting the seed and seedling against root feeding by insects, which a fungal infection can follow.
Ten years ago, foliar fungicides on hybrid corn were not economically viable. However, since foliar diseases tend to increase in most fallow areas, and corn prices are good, using fungicides in the fields following corn may be justified. The purpose of any fungicide application should be to protect the ear leaf and the leaves above the ear from leaf diseases during grain (silking to the black membrane) because these leaves enter the hand with more than 75 per cent of carbohydrates. Since all fungicides have a limited duration of action (14-21 days), the fungicide application timing is important. Applications are necessary if a few lesions are seen on the leaves below the ear leaf before or with silking. Therefore, fields must be inspected regularly to determine if herbicide application is necessary and the appropriate timing of that application. Hybrid susceptibility and surrounding climates should be considered before herbicide application.
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