crown and root rot

 Pathogen

Root and crown rot of cold wheat is produced by root and crown infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and several Fusarium species. B. The mycelium of sorokiniana is deep olive brown. Conidiophores are single or compound, soft, firm and segmented. Conidia are olive-brown and ovate to oblong, three to 10-septate and slightly curved. The teleomorph is Cossiobolus sativus, an ascomycete. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the maximum ordinary Fusarium spp. Root and crown rots occur during winter wheat. Other species involve F. avenaceum and F. Poe. Fusarium spp. Lives in the soil in bulk debris such as perithecia (sexual fruiting structures), chlamydospores (sexual survival structures) or mycelium. They can also be sown from seed. Graminarum also causes Fusarium head blight or scab.

Symptoms of Disease

Root and crown rot symptoms in winter wheat may appear on roots and young internodes in the fall as small brown to black lesions on primary and secondary roots. These lesions vary from less than 1/8 inch to more than 1 inch. Diseased crowns are brown in contradiction to the white colour of healthy crowns. Wheat crowns rot to a larger or lesser degree depending on the method and severity of disease improvement. Plants with severe crown damage usually do not survive. Those with moderate roots and crown damage the tiller less. Fields affected by root and crown rot have scattered pockets of dead and dying plants. Affected areas often follow the slopes of the fence or appear on exposed slopes. Fields with loose seedlings often show high levels of root and crown rot.

Good Environmental Conditions

Long-term moisture stress and relatively high soil temperature in autumn enhance the development of early diseases in roots and small internodes. The negative effects of a loose seed bed, lack of soil moisture, lack of protective snow, ice and persistent heat are evident during the spring when affected wheat fields fail to turn green uniformly. . These factors cause the plants to become infected with root and rot fungi.

Administration

system image Traditional methods influence environmental stress, which, on the other hand, greatly affects the incidence and severity of root and crown decay. Plant winter wheat on the date recommended for your area. Premature planting often reduces soil moisture reserves, which promotes root and crown rot. Always plant varieties that suit your growing area and conditions. When planting, place the seed on a firm, soft surface and cover it with enough soil to prevent rapid drying.

Use good quality seeds that germinate well and treat the seeds with a seed treatment before planting. Crop rotation can reduce the amount of inoculum and thus the emergence and severity of crown and root rot caused by B. sorokiniana and Fusarium spp.