Guide to Breeding of Improved Breeds
How the Importance of Raising Cows Can Help You Predict the Future:
Cow's milk is an excellent tasty, nutritious food required for the nation's intellectual development. There is an opportunity to increase economic empowerment through raising cows, creating self-employment, and reducing poverty.
Who can earn daily money by selling the milk produced? Ghee, Butter, Nani, Matha, Ghol, Cheese, Curd, Sweets, Chana, Lacchi, Borhani, Manda, Rasmalai, Khirsa, Chocolate, and many other delicious foods are made from milk.
If modern methods are adopted, it will be possible to produce organic fertilizers and biogas from manure. Through this, who can meet one's own fuel needs, who can play a role in conserving the environment, and who livestock keepers will be economically prosperous?
Establishing large farms and processing factories through enterprise development will create employment.
Here Come New Ideas for Consideration in Raising Cows:
Housing and management of cows.
Cow breed selection.
Reproductive management.
Food handling.
Cow care and calf care.
Disease prevention and control methods.
Marketing and record keeping.
Dairy cow breeds:
Depending on the region, various local breeds of dairy cows are available in Bangladesh. These are the Pabna variety, Red Chittagong, and the Munshiganj variety. In addition, the hybridization of the Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal breeds is currently being carried out in the country.
Phrygian:
Large in size, black and white, and underdeveloped udder, the average weight of cows is 550-650 kg, and the average weight of bulls is 800-900 kg. The age at first conception is 18-24 months, the average weight of the newborn calf is 30-36 kg, the Olan cow is large, and the average milk production is 25-28 liters per day.
Sahiwal:
Medium to large, the skin color is light red to reddish brown, the hump is slightly developed, the forehead is high, the neck hangs somewhat, the average weight of the cows is 400-500 kg, and the average weight of the bulls is 600-700 kg. The age at first conception is 23-30 months, the average weight of the newborn calf is 20-25 kg, the plan of the cow is large, and the average milk production is 10-15 liters per day.
How Cow Management Training Can Help You Predict the Future
Characteristics and ways to recognize dairy cows:
Who must consider the age of the cow? Milk production is generally higher in the 3rd calving. A farmer's experience is valuable in the selection of cows. Who must know the information (pedigree) of the father and mother of the cow?
Light and small-sized head, broad forehead, bright eyes, body shape light in front and heavy and well-shaped in back, free of unnecessary fat, loose skin, straight hair, size of wool in proportion to the body, reasonable structure, four buttocks equally spaced and equal in size, the gap between the hind legs is vast, the mammary veins are thick, prominent and set obliquely on either side of the navel in the lower abdomen, and especially from a distance, the cow will be triangular in shape appearance.
Technical aspects in habitat selection and management:
The residence will be in a place with lots of light and air. What should build Goal Ghar vertically in the east-west? Goal ghar can be of 3 types: open houses, community houses, closed houses, and conventional houses. Cows can be kept in one or two rows in a secure barn. The cows are raised indoors or outdoors in two-row homes. Each cow will require an average of 35-40 square feet (8'x5') of space. The height of the shed must be at least 10 feet from the floor of the house. If there is a house with a tin shed, what should use mats under the tin shed?
5-foot wide path for barn feed supply, 2-foot clearance for feed bins and water containers, and 1-foot clearance for the drain. Who must take appropriate measures for the disposal of waste from the barn? If the floor of the house is paved, it should be rough instead of smooth and plastered so that the cow does not slip. The floor will slope gently towards the drain but can be a maximum of 1.5 inches.
The house's walls should be a maximum of 1.5 feet at the bottom so that outside air can flow over the animal's body even when lying down, and the remaining part should be fenced with GI wire, leaving a gap of 1 square inch. As a result, enough light and air can enter the barn. Cow production will increase, and diseases will decrease.
What should thoroughly clean stalls one or more times a day? Clean up manure, chana, and food scraps and dispose of them in the designated pit/hole. It is better if the farm has a biogas plant, which can transfer to your peat.
What should spray antiseptic daily on the farm? It will reduce the transmission of diseases and the plague of mosquitoes at least once a week. What should thoroughly clean the cow barn with bleach powder?
How to Build an Empire with Dairy Cow Farming
Reproductive Management:
Cows are raised naturally and artificially in our country. Artificial insemination of cows is now encouraged. Because it is a modern method of reproduction. This method collects seeds from improved breed bulls, processed, and raised on cows. This prevents the transmission of various diseases from the bull to the cow and simultaneously increases the cow's productivity and production. Livestock Department Centralized Bovine Breeding and Improved Breeds in Dairy Barns The production of bull semen and its distribution at the national level and artificial insemination of cows are being implemented. The factors to consider in artificial insemination are;
Large, healthy cows require artificial insemination. The cows or males get a little agitated, they want to jump on other cows, and they clean the sticky membrane through the vagina. It secretes, settles, and induces another cow to jump on itself and dry/lick the other cow's genitalia. If these signs are seen, who should understand that the cow/male has come to call? A qualified artificial inseminator must artificially inseminate the cow.
Artificial insemination is best done within 12 to 18 hours after the cow calves. It has a higher success rate. The success rate of artificial insemination is 55%. If 100 cows are artificially inseminated, 55 will become pregnant and have calves. Therefore, those cows that have not conceived should be bred again after 20-21 days. Through crossbreeding in an artificial insemination system, the productivity and production of the cows are increased.
It is possible to produce superior breeds of chicks using gene transfer technology. It is an advanced technology in the development of the dairy industry. But its use is limited. This technology performs in vivo fertilization, and the baby is transferred to the cow's uterus.
More recently, artificial insemination using seeds from improved Brahma bulls for Marshal cattle production has produced benefits that will soon extend to the field level.
Cow feeding management:
To maintain the production and productivity of the cows at the desired level, it is essential to provide the correct and balanced amount of feed. The necessary materials for preparing a balanced dinner for cows are; Hay, green grass, grain feed, and water. A cow of 100 kg body weight generally requires 1 to 2 kg of hay, 5 to 6 kg of green grass, and 1 to 1.5 kilograms of cereal feed. The granular feed mix consists of 50% wheat hulls, 20% rice bran, 18% broken saffron, 10% kheil, 1% mineral mix, and 1% iodized salt. For dairy cows, 3 kg of grain feed should be given for the first liter of milk production and 1 kilogram of grain feed for every 3 liters of milk production after that.
Below is a balanced diet for dairy cows of 250-300 kg body weight (daily milk production of 13 liters).
Ingredient Daily Amount
1. Raw green grass 9-12 kg
2. Dry hay 3-4kg
3. Granulated feed mix
4-7kg
Adopting modern methods in cow feed processing can increase feed digestibility, nutritional value, and production.
A brief description of some of the technologies is provided below.
Green grass cultivation and processing:
Currently, some grasses are grown in the country as fodder for livestock, namely Napier, german, para, guinea, and maize. These grasses are more productive on less land and have better nutritional quality. Green grass is essential for raising livestock. What should we plant Napier grass cuttings after the first rains in the Baisakh-Jaisthya months? When planting seedlings, the distance from row to row should be 1.5 to 2 feet, and from seedling to seedling should be 1 to 1.5 feet. What should plant this herb on slightly higher ground? After every 40-45 days, It can be cut and fed to cattle. This grass performs well year-round if adequate irrigation is provided. German grass can be grown in the same way as Napier grass.
What should plant para grass cuttings in well-drained soil? The distance between one row and another should be 1.5 to 2 feet. This herb can be grown in slightly high, low, saturated, and even slightly saline soils. Cattle can be cut and fed every 40-45 days. The annual yield of these grasses is 40,000-65,000 kg per acre. Maize is usually planted after the monsoons have passed, but maize can be grown year-round. Maize production produces green fodder/straw for cattle on the one hand and grain for poultry on the other. Food is produced. Cutting green grass to 4 to 6 inches increases its digestibility and is easily absorbed by livestock.
Particular types of food preparation and preservation:
Urea molasses straw (UMS):
UMS is produced by processing straw. This feed is prepared by mixing urea fertilizer and chitagur (molasses) in the prescribed amount with hay. It increases the meat and sugar content of the grass, improves the nutritional quality of the feed, makes it palatable and easily digestible, and helps in the body composition of the cattle. Once prepared, UMS can be fed to cattle as a sufficient substitute for hay for up to three days. Essential ingredients to make 10kg UMS And the preparation method are below.
How Amount of IngredientsMaking:
1. Dry hay 8.2kg
2. Molasses (Chittagur)
1.5kg
3. Urea fertilizer 300 grams
4. The amount of water absorbed was m liters.
Preparation method:
First, measure the required amount of hay, urea, chitagur, and water. Now cut the straws into 4-5 inch lengths and lay them on polythene. Heavy urea fertilizer should be well mixed with sufficient water in a bucket/container. Chitagur must be poured into water mixed with fertilizer and mixed well. This mixture should be sprayed/sprinkled on the hay so the grass absorbs it. Who can now feed them mixed hay? You should note that you can always keep the amount of urea fertilizer or mix water with fertilizer. Do not feed directly to animals, as it may cause poisoning.
Conservation of green grass:
Green grass grows in Bangladesh during the monsoon season, which, if saved, can provide green grass for livestock throughout the year. Silage preparation is a method to keep grass green for a long time. Green hay and dry straw are covered with polyethylene and sprinkled with molasses in this method. In this case, you need to make a hole in a slightly higher place. Who can typically store about three metric tons of green grass in a 100-foot pit? The cavity size is usually 3 feet deep at the bottom, 3 feet at the center, 8 feet at the top, and 10 feet at the top of the ground, and should select the length according to the amount of grass. After the hole is made, large polyethylene should be spread into the hole. Now take 15-20% dry hay and 3-4% chitagur from the amount of grass. Chitagur should be mixed with water in a ratio of 4:3 to get a thick solution.
Care and management of pregnant cows:
A pregnancy test should be performed to confirm and determine the possible time or day of delivery of the baby. What should not use a pregnant cow for laborious work such as plowing, pulling plows, pulling carts, pulling Ghani, stepping on rice straw, etc.?
What should gradually reduce milk production if a pregnant cow lactates after seven months? The provision of nutritious green grass and grain foods for the growth of the fetus and its nutrition must be guaranteed.
Symptoms of labor pain in pregnant cows:
A cow's flank swells and increases in size; a hole shape will be evident on either side of the base of the tail. The vaginal discharge can be seen as sticky white; the vagina will become enlarged and limp, soft and swollen, and the cow will have regular sit-ups.
The sac of water will come out of the vagina. The calf's front legs and mouth will go together through the cow's vagina.
Care and handling of newborn calves:
Help the calf stand up, clean the cow's udder and help the calf suck the milk.
In no way should the milk be thrown away. Who should help the calf to eat? Cow milk contains enough calcium and antibodies, and the consumption of this milk increases the calf's immune system. The calf should remain on a dry Michail or jute mat bedding.
Care and maintenance of dairy cows:
Cows should be fed adequate green grass, hay, and grain feed. Milking should be done daily by the same people at the same time and in the same way. Cow housing and housing must be kept clean.
Cow manure should be cleaned regularly, and even if the cow is not regularly bathed, at least the rear parts of the cow, including the udder, should be washed with clean water. The calf must be milked and is best kept within sight of the cow at a close distance.
At the exact moment and in the same strategy, daily, the milking of the cows must be done by a person or using a machine. After milking, should wash the udder with water mixed with disinfectant. 2 liters in the 1st week, 3 liters in the 2nd week, 4 liters daily from the 3rd week to 3 months of age, 3 liters of milk in the 4th month, and 250 g, 500 g and 750 g calf starter (pellet feed mix) each from the 2nd week and vice versa. Eat a lot of soft green grass. The sleeve starter should contain 50% broken wheat or corn bran, 24% mixture of split dal and broken chickpea, 25% bush, and 1 part mineral salt.
Livestock Disease Management:
General characteristics of a healthy animal: Active, agile, aware of the environment, and moving regularly. The body structure will be beautiful, and the skin will be smooth, shiny, and loose. The back will be long and straight, the eyes will be bright, and there will be no discharge or folds at the corners of the eyes. The ears will be erect. The tail will always wag to chase away flies, breathing slowly and regular jabber cuts when resting.
Common symptoms of the disease:
When the animal is sick, the body temperature decreases or increases—changes in breathing and reluctance to eat.
Passage stops/reduces, and stools may be thin, hard/soft. The ears droop, making the affected animal appear chaotic and restless.
Symptoms may include a runny nose, cough, frequent urination, salivation, and itchy skin or fur.
How Low Can Disease Control Go:
From 2 months of age, What should feed cattle 2-3 times a year with the appropriate amount of insecticide cream?
Healthy cattle must be kept separate from diseased cattle. As soon as the disease is observed, they should contact the local veterinary doctor and What should take the necessary treatment. Dead animals must be appropriately destroyed, incinerated/buried, and disinfected as necessary.
Healthy animals should be vaccinated against infectious diseases. Who must guarantee biosecurity on the farm?
Farm location:
What should establish the farm on slightly elevated ground with sufficient light and air?
There should be water and sewage disposal facilities. What should establish farms away from towns and close to grasslands?
Farms can be single rows or double-row.
Comments
Post a Comment
If you have any doubts, Please let me know